Birmingham has a rich history in churches and Birmingham by the Book highlights the historical significance of many of them. Over 50 churches active in the Birmingham Civil Rights Movement from 1956-1963 are listed on page 9 the guide, and three are within the Civil Rights District.
In 1972, city directories listed 608 churches and synagogues. Early churches were encouraged to build by developers offering congregations lots at well below market cost. A 2000 publication by Birmingham Historical Society entitled Aspiration: Birmingham’s Houses of Worship celebrates this legacy and is full of photographs by noted photographer, Richard Payne, many of which are included below.
Wilson Chapel 1916Union Missionary Baptist 1887 (1914)Thomas Presbyterian 1891Temple Emanu-El 1913St. Mark’s Catholic 1905 (1937-1939)Southside Baptist 1911South Highland Presbyterian 1892Independent Presbyterian 1922-1926Holy Trinity Greek Orthodox 1906 (1949)Holy Rosary Catholic 1889First United Methodist 1890-1891First Presbyterian 1886-1888First Presbyterian 1886-1888East Lake Methodist 1887 (1948)Cathedral of St. Paul 1890-1893Cathedral of St. Paul 1890-1893Bethel Baptist 1926, 2006Avondale Baptist 191616th Street Baptist 1909-1911
The oldest homes in Birmingham tell the story of prosperous early industrialists and real estate developers, the struggles of the working classes, architectural trends, and the civil rights era.
The Smithfield/Dynamite hill homes of the civil rights era are described on pg. 90 of Birmingham by the Book.
Some of the most expensive homes were built on 30 acres in Glen Iris Park (pgs 102-103) prior to 1920 and along Highland Avenue in Southside.
More modest homes were in the Five Points South area and along Cullom Street, built in the 1890s.
In the late 1880s, Thomas was a company town with rented housing for those who needed to live close to the iron producing furnaces. By 1912, 550 workers lived in this community.
Pioneering early planters who became prominent citizens of Birmingham included Isaac Sadler, Thomas McAdory, and Thomas Owen who built flourishing plantations from 1820s to early 1900s. (pg. 26 of Birmingham by the Book)
Other significant early neighborhoods included :
Anderson Place, Milner Heights, Forest Park and Mountain Terrace. (pgs. 104-109).
The Hollywood homes in Homewood were designed in 1924, influenced by Hollywood, California, and including some of Birmingham’s first mission style architecture.
Roebuck Springs was contoured around knolls, and boasted an English Garden aesthetic as well as the first designed 18-hole golf course and country club grounds. (pg. 98 of Birmingham by the Book).
See more neighborhood history as well as over the mountain areas, all divided by region in Birmingham by the Book. Some early examples are included below.
W.P.G. Harding House, Glen IrisWorker House, East ThomasWorker House, East ThomasT.O. Smith House, Roebuck SpringsSchwab House, Highland Avenue AreaSadler House, McCalla, 1827Robley Munger House, Arlington ParkRobert Jemison House, Glen IrisParker Bown House, SmithfieldOwen House, Bessemer, 1833Mission Style House, HomewoodMcAdory House, Bessemer, 1840Mary M Means House, Dynamite Hill, SmithfieldLuffman House, Glen IrisLoveman House, SouthsideJordan House, Highland AvenueJohn Drew House, Dynamite Hill, SmithfieldJ. Cary Thompson House, Five Points SouthHollywood House, HomewoodH.K. Milner House, Milner CrescentHayes Davis House, East ThomasHassinger House, Highland AvenueForest Park HouseForest Park HouseEnsley HousesCullom Street Houses, SouthsideCullom Street House, SouthsideCullom Street House, SouthsideCullom Street Houses, SouthsideBrown and A.G. Gaston House, Smithfield
A favorite family activity at the Southern Museum of Flight is exploring a real aircraft that kids can climb into while discovering the history of aviation. The museum features more than 100 historic aircraft, along with interactive simulators and guided educational tours. It is one of the South’s largest aviation museums and is also home to the Alabama Aviation Hall of Fame. (See pg. 99 of Birmingham by the Book for this and related activities.)
A popular spot for birthday parties, the museum also features a playground and picnic facilities, and the gift shop is filled with aviation-themed gifts, models, flight jackets, and other unique memorabilia.
In addition to the museum, aviation tech college classes are held on the Museum’s campus. Accepting students as early as their sophomore year of high school, Aviation College degree is a virtual guarantee of full employment upon graduation.
Occasional field trips include the Birmingham Shuttlesworth International Airport, renamed in 2008 to honor Reverend Fred Shuttlesworth. A striking 13’x 66’mural by Rico Gaston, was installed to honor his memory as well, with his portrait surrounded by colorful rays.
Rev Fred Shuttlesworth mural by Rico Gatson at the Birmingham Shuttlesworth Airport
Birmingham has struggled to shed the images of violence and destruction from 1956-1963 and today is home to several memorials and a premier civil rights museum.
Follow the Birmingham Civil Rights Trail using Birmingham by the Book, (pg. 6) available on Amazon.com. Or for in depth information, A Walk To Freedom has first hand recollections, and 225 photographs.
Featured this year are three FREE events, with a tour of Rickwood Field, a talk on Birmingham Mineral Railroad, and a Community Preservation Spotlight in Titusville. Mark your calendars for these upcoming events! For more information, please contact Birmingham’s Historic Preservation Manager: Hannah.Garmon@birminghamal.gov
For over 50 years, Marjorie White has been sharing her research and discoveries about her adopted city of Birmingham. Her story as told in Birmingham Lifestyle Magazine is one of dedication, curiosity, exploration, and documentation. She knows this city well, and shares her enthusiasm in her latest publication, Birmingham by the Book.
Currently available locally (and mailed) from Birmingham Historical Society offices on Highland Avenue, at Thank You Books in Crestwood, and Shoppe in Forest Park, and at Amazon.com. Use the QR code to buy via PayPal or click HERE
If you want to share Birmingham with out-of-towners, this is a comprehensive, well-illustrated, but easy to read overview. And locals may just find out something new about Birmingham! Check it out! And read more about Marjorie’s story below…
February is Black History Month and reviewing Birmingham’s Civil Rights History is a great way to acknowledge it. The following is a video produced by CBS 42 with places to explore.
The Rev. Jesse Jackson who died today, had ties to Birmingham’s Civil Rights history rooted in his work with the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) and his commitment to honoring the city’s civil rights history. He visited the A.G. Gaston Motel in March 2025 and was in Alabama in 2013 for the 50th anniversary of the 16th Street Baptist Church bombing in September 2013.
Jackson and his family were at A.G. Gaston Motel to explore future partnership opportunities with Kendra Woodfin, wife of Birmingham Mayor Randall Woodfin, and KultureCity, a nonprofit dedicated to sensory inclusion and disability accessibility.
“It’s good to be home again,” Jackson whispered from his wheelchair. “I have Parkinson’s and I can’t talk very well, but my mind is on freedom.” He added, “The Bible says, ‘Remove not the ancient landmarks which thy fathers have set.’ This is a landmark. Never forget it. It is dark, but the morning comes. When it is really dark, you can see the stars more clearly. Amen.”
The film produced by Katie Rogers and Brandon McCray tells the story of how jazz was cultivated and popularized in Ensley, centered around what is now known as the Nixon Building, located at the junction of two streetcar lines. During the 1920s and 1930s, the nightclub on this corner was a vibrant social hub and dance venue. Admission required tuxedos and proper evening attire, a standard that gave rise to the club’s legendary name: Tuxedo Junction.
This era also marked the emergence of some of Birmingham’s most influential jazz musicians, many of whom were trained by renowned band director Fess Whatley at Parker Industrial School. At the time, Parker Industrial was the only Black high school in Alabama, and its students honed their musical skills by performing at Tuxedo Junction, helping to shape a distinctive jazz tradition that would resonate far beyond Birmingham. The song Tuxedo Junction performed there and written by Erskine Hawkins cemented its place in history.
Parker Industrial High School in SmithfieldThe Nixon Building a/k/a Tuxedo Junction
The good news is that the documentary Tuxedo Junction will air on PBS on February 19. Those who attended the special screening on Sunday can attest that it is well worth the wait—don’t miss it! Sunday’s event also featured a book signing by Burgin Mathews, author of Magic City: How the Birmingham Jazz Tradition Shaped the Sound of America, his 10 year passion project that further highlights the city’s enduring impact on American music. Jazz music by Birmingham legends, Bo Berry and Jose Carr, created the magic that continues to captivate music lovers everywhere.
Tuxedo Junction documentaryAuthor Burgin Mathews, Katie Rogers, and jazz greats Bo Berry and Jose Carr at Virginia Samford TheaterBHS President Wayne Hester, and documentary co-producer, Katie RogersJohn Nixon, who owns his father’s dental office-the tuxedo junction building, is posed with a photo of his father who acted opposite Virginia Samford many years agoProducers Brandon McCray and Katie Rogers with the owner of the Tuxedo Junction Building, John NixonKatie Rogers, Bo Berry, Jose Carr, and Brandon McCray
Tuxedo Junction by Erskine Hawkins with lyrics by Buddy Feyne
Feelin' low Rockin' slow I want to go Right back where I belong Way down south in Birmingham I mean south in Alabam' There's an old place where people go To dance the night away They all drive or walk for miles To get jive that southern style It's an old jive that makes you want To dance till break of day It's a junction where the town folks meet At each function in a tux they greet you Come on down, forget your care Come on down, you'll find me there So long town, I'm heading for Tuxedo Junction now [Instrumental] Feelin' low Rockin' slow I want to go Right back where I belong Way down south in Birmingham I mean south in Alabam' There's an old place where people go To dance the night away They all drive or walk for miles To get jive that southern style It's an old jive that makes you want To dance till break of day It's a junction where the town folks meet At each function in a tux they greet you Come on down, forget your care Come on down, you'll find me there So long town, I'm heading for Tuxedo Junction now Tuxedo Junction now